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Nasintoka

A language I started in late 2017. It takes its vocabulary from words from languages that I know.

Phonology and Orthography

Nasintoka has 14 phonemes: /m n p t k f s x l i u e o a/, all of which are written as in the IPA.

Syllable structure is (C)V(C).

Stress is on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable.

Grammar

Word Endings

The final vowel of a word indicates its part of speech.

• -a: noun
• -e: modifier
• -i: particle
• -o: verb
• -u: preposition

Basic Sentence Structure

Word order in Nasintoka is free due to the use of case markings.

Nouns in the nominative case are unmarked:

animala moko.
An animal eats.

Nouns in the accusative case are marked with '-n':

animala moko fuktan.
An animal eats fruit.

Nouns in the dative case are marked with '-k':

xoma tono fuktan animalak.
A person gives fruit to the animal.

Nouns in the instrumental case are marked with '-t':

xoma moko mokan folkat.
A person eats food with a fork.

In addition to a verb, the predicate may also be a modifier or a preposition.

xoma pone.
The person is good.

animala inu toma.
An animal is in the house.

Plurality and Tense

Plural nouns are indicated with '-l':

animalal moko.
Animals eat.

Past tense and future tense verbs are marked with '-f' and '-x' respectively:

animala mokof.
An animal ate.

animala mokox.
An animal will eat.

Modifiers

Modifiers precede what they modify. They may modify nouns, verbs, prepositions, and other modifiers. Modifiers do not agree with their nouns for case.

pone xoma moko fuktan.
A good person eats fruit.

xoma moko pone fuktan.
A person eats good fruit.

Prepositions

A prepostional phrase consists of a preposition word followed by a noun phrase. Prepositional phrases may be placed before or after a sentence.

xoma moko inu toma.
A person eats in a house.

inu toma, xoma moko.
In a house, a person eats.

Commands

Commands are formed with the prefix 'ef-'.

efmoko fuktan.
Eat the fruit.

Questions

Questions with a yes/no answer are formed with 'al-'.

xoma almoko pone fuktan?
Does a person eat good fruit?

Dictionary

Click here to see the dictionary.